Resistance rauv
Lub cub hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog lub qhov cub hluav taws xob uas siv Joule cua sov tsim los ntawm qhov tam sim no dhau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib ua qhov cua sov. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm hluav taws xob cua sov, cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tau muab faib ua ob hom: cua sov ncaj qha thiab cua sov tsis ncaj. Hauv qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ncaj qha hluav taws xob, cov tam sim no ntws ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv. Raws li cov hluav taws xob cua sov lub zog yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov khoom nws tus kheej, cov khoom yog rhuab sai sai, ua rau nws haum rau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ceev cua sov, xws li cov cua sov ntawm forged billets. Hom hluav taws xob tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem ua kom sov cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov kub thiab txias, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob graphitization hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem ua kom sov cov ntaub ntawv mus txog 2500 degree. Lub qhov cub hluav taws xob ncaj qha tuaj yeem siv los ua lub tshuab nqus tsev cua sov los yog cov roj cua tiv thaiv cua sov. Nyob rau hauv hmoov metallurgy, nws yog feem ntau siv rau sintering tungsten, tantalum, niobium thiab lwm yam khoom. Thaum siv hom no rau cua sov, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau:
① Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv cua sov tsis sib xws, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov khoom sib xws;
Industrial resistance rauv
Industrial resistance rauv
② Vim yog qhov me me ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej, thiaj li ua tiav lub zog hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau muaj, qhov ua haujlwm tam sim no yog qhov siab heev. Yog li ntawd, kev sib cuag ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv yog qhov zoo kom tsis txhob arcing thiab hlawv cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub transmitting busbar yuav tsum yog me me kom txo tau qhov hluav taws xob poob;
Feem ntau cov cua sov ua kom sov yog cov cua sov tsis ncaj rau cov cua sov, uas tau nruab nrog lub cev tsis muaj zog tshwj xeeb tsim los ua kom muaj hluav taws xob thermal hloov pauv, hu ua hluav taws xob cua sov lub cev, uas hloov cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hauv lub cub tawg (Daim duab 1: Indirect cua sov ua hauj lwm qhov cub).
Electroslag remelting
Hom hluav taws xob rauv lub plhaub no yog ua los ntawm steel phaj, thiab lub cub tawg yog lined nrog cov ntaub ntawv refractory xws li ceramic fibers, nrog cov ntaub ntawv tso rau hauv.
Cov khoom siv cua sov feem ntau yog hlau chromium aluminium cua sov ntsiab lus, nickel chromium cua sov ntsiab lus, silicon carbide rods thiab molybdenum disilicide rods, nrog rau silicon carbon rods thiab zirconium diboride ceramic composite cua sov ntsiab. Raws li cov kev xav tau, cov cua hauv lub qhov cub tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw zoo tib yam, tiv thaiv huab cua, lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev. Lub zog hluav taws xob dav dav yog 220 volts lossis 380 volts, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, lub nruab nrab transformer nrog adjustable voltage yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Qhov cub me me (<10 kW) single-phase power supply, large furnace three-phase power supply. For materials with a single variety and large batch size, continuous furnace heating is recommended. Resistance furnaces with furnace temperatures below 700 □ are mostly equipped with blowers to enhance heat transfer inside the furnace and ensure uniform heating. A resistance furnace used for melting fusible metals (lead, lead bismuth alloys, aluminum, magnesium and their alloys, etc.), which can be made into a crucible furnace; Alternatively, it can be made into a reflective furnace with a molten pool, and an electric heating element can be installed on the top of the furnace. An electric slag furnace is a resistance furnace that converts slag into electric heating.
Taw qhia rau Induction rauv
Lub cub hluav taws xob uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob induction cua sov los yog yaj lawv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov cub induction yog ib qho induction coil qhov txhab nrog tooj liab raj. Ib qho hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog siv rau ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm qhov induction kauj los ua kom muaj kev sib hloov electromagnetic teb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv induction kauj, thiab vim yog electromagnetic induction, eddy tam sim no yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tsis kam, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hloov mus rau hauv thermal zog kom sov cov ntaub ntawv; Yog li, nws tseem tuaj yeem suav hais tias lub qhov cub induction yog lub qhov cub hluav taws xob ncaj qha.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhov cub induction yog qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (tam sim no kev faib tawm) hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, nrog rau qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw me me, hu ua cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov hluav taws xob cua sov ua kom zoo ntawm cov cua sov induction, lub hwj huam mov zaus yuav tsum tsim nyog. Me me melting furnaces los yog saum npoo cua sov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau siv high-zaus hluav taws xob, thaum loj melting furnaces los yog sib sib zog nqus cua kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum siv nruab nrab zaus los yog lub hwj chim zaus hluav taws xob. Induction coils yog loads nrog ntau npaum li cas ntawm inductance, thiab lawv lub hwj chim yam feem ntau yog tsawg heev. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog zoo, induction coils feem ntau txuas nrog cov kab nruab nrab lossis siab zaus capacitors, hu ua resonant capacitors. Qhov sib txawv ntawm induction kauj thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog me me. Lub induction coil yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm square tooj liab raj, nrog dej txias hauv lub raj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov induction coil yuav tsum tsawg li tsawg tau, thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum zoo. Induction cua sov ntaus ntawv yog tsuas yog siv rau cua sov thiab casting steel, tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cua kub ceev, tsis kub kub poob, siab mechanization thiab automation, thiab yog haum rau configuration ntawm tsis siv neeg ua hauj lwm kab.
Core induction rauv
Lub induction melting rauv siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj xws li crucible furnaces (coreless induction furnaces) thiab groove furnaces (cored induction furnaces), raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 2 rau lub schematic daim duab ntawm lub induction rauv lub cev. Lub crucible yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory los yog hlau, muaj peev xwm ntawm ob peb kilograms mus rau kaum tawm tons. Lub melting yam ntxwv yog tias cov hlau molten nyob rau hauv lub crucible yog raug rau hluav taws xob quab yuam, yuam cov kua theem ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke protrude, thiab molten hlau ntws los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kua theem mus rau ib puag ncig, ua rau cyclic ntws. Qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua cov nyhuv hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov yaj. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov slag nyhav mus rau qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev pabcuam tsis zoo. Piv nrog rau qhov zawj rauv, lub qhov cub crucible muaj kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, siab melting kub, tab sis tsis tshua muaj zog thiab muaj zog noj. Lub sensor ntawm lub melt groove rauv muaj ib tug hlau core, ib tug induction nplhaib, thiab ib tug yaj zawj rauv hauv ob sab phlu. Lub yaj zawj yog ib los yog ob lub strip-shaped annular grooves, uas muaj cov khoom molten txuas nrog lub pas dej ua ke. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, lub trench rauv yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug hlau core transformer nrog tsuas yog ib tug tig ntawm kauj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab ib tug luv luv Circuit Court. Inductive tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv lub molten zawj, ua tiav hluav taws xob cua sov transformation.
Hauv kev tsim khoom, tom qab txhua lub cub tawg ntawm cov hlau melting tiav, lub pas dej ua ke tsis tuaj yeem muab pov tseg, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim kom qhuav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws ib feem ntawm cov yaj raws li qhov pib yaj rau lub cub tawg tom ntej. Qhov kub ntawm lub yaj zawj yog siab dua li ntawm lub pas dej ua ke, thiab nws kuj dais qhov yaig ntawm cov yaj ntws, yog li lub yaj zawj rauv hauv ob sab phlu yog qhov ua rau puas. Rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev txij nkawm, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub no tau ua rau hauv cov rooj sib txoos hloov tau yooj yim. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub qhov cub tawg yog los ntawm ob peb puas kilograms mus rau ntau tshaj ib puas tons. Lub tshuab yaj yaj muab lub zog rau lub zog zaus, thiab vim yog siv cov hlau cores ua los ntawm silicon steel los xij raws li txoj kev sib nqus, qhov hluav taws xob efficiency thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yog ob qho tib si siab. Melting rauv yog tsuas yog siv rau melting ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, tooj liab, zinc, tooj dag, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj yuav siv tau raws li ib tug sib tov rauv rau khaws cia thiab cua sov molten cov ntaub ntawv.
arc rauv
Lub cub hluav taws xob uas siv cov nyhuv arc thermal kom yaj cov hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv (Daim duab 3 Arc rauv hom). Muaj peb hom cua sov txoj kev: Indirect cua sov hluav taws xob arc rauv.
arc rauv
Ib qho arc yog tsim los ntawm ob lub electrodes, tsis txhob kov cov khoom, thiab cov khoom yog rhuab los ntawm thermal tawg. Lub tshuab cua sov hom no muaj suab nrov, tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm, thiab maj mam raug txiav tawm ncaj qha rau hluav taws xob arc rauv.
Ib qho arc yog tsim los ntawm cov electrode thiab cov khoom, ncaj qha cua sov cov khoom;
Peb-theem hluav taws xob arc rauv rau steelmaking yog feem ntau siv ncaj qha hluav taws xob hluav taws xob arc rauv Submerged arc rauv, tseem hu ua txo qhov cub lossis submerged arc rauv. Ib qho kawg ntawm cov electrode yog faus rau hauv cov khoom txheej, ua ib qho arc hauv cov khoom txheej thiab cua sov cov khoom siv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom txheej nws tus kheej; Feem ntau siv rau smelting ferroalloys.
Nqus arc rauv
Nws yog lub cub hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob arc los ncaj qha tshav kub thiab yaj hlau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev rauv lub cev. Cov roj hauv lub cub tawg yog nyias thiab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov vapor ntawm cov hlau molten los tsim ib qho arc. Yuav kom stabilize lub arc, direct tam sim no feem ntau muab. Raws li cov yam ntxwv smelting, nws muab faib ua hlau remelting furnaces thiab casting furnaces. Raws li seb cov electrodes puas tau noj (melted) thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem, lawv muab faib mus rau hauv tus kheej noj furnaces thiab tsis tus kheej noj furnaces. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov kev lag luam yog cov khoom siv rau tus kheej. Lub tshuab nqus tsev arc rauv yog siv rau melting tshwj xeeb hlau, nquag thiab refractory hlau xws li titanium, molybdenum, thiab niobium.
Arc cua sov tuaj yeem suav tias yog arc tsis kam cua sov. Kev ruaj khov arc tsis kam yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lub qhov cub. AC arc furnaces feem ntau siv hluav taws xob zaus hluav taws xob. Yuav kom stabilize lub arc, yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog inductance nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg fais fab mov Circuit Court. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xub ntiag ntawm inductance tuaj yeem txo lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob. Txo qhov zaus tam sim no yog ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho AC arc rauv. Tus nqi arc kuj yog me me, thiab thiaj li yuav tau txais cov cua sov tsim nyog, lub cub tawg yuav tsum muaj qhov ua haujlwm loj heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm luv luv network ntawm lub cub tawg yuav tsum yog me me li sai tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dhau. Rau peb-theem arc furnaces, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov impedance ntawm peb theem nyob ze rau tib yam kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm peb-theem loads.
Plasma rauv
Lub qhov cub hluav taws xob uas siv cov plasma tsim thaum cov roj ua haujlwm yog ionized rau cua sov lossis melting. Cov cuab yeej uas tsim cov ntshav ntshav feem ntau hu ua rab phom plasma, thiab muaj ob hom: arc plasma guns thiab high-frequency induction plasma guns. Cov roj ua haujlwm tau nkag mus rau hauv rab phom plasma, uas yog nruab nrog lub cuab yeej uas tsim cov arc lossis qhov siab-zaus (5-20 MHz) hluav taws xob teb. Cov roj ua haujlwm yog ionized los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, tsim cov plasma uas muaj cov electrons, zoo ions, thiab sib xyaw ntawm cov roj atoms thiab cov molecules. Equidistant
Electron beam rauv
Tom qab tus ntxhais lub cev raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov phom plasma nozzle, nws tsim cov nplaim hluav taws kub ceev thiab kub kub plasma arc, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua li cov arc raug. Feem ntau siv cov roj ua haujlwm yog argon, uas yog ib qho roj atom uas yooj yim rau ionize thiab yog cov roj inert uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov kub ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20000 □; Siv rau melting tshwj xeeb hlau, titanium thiab titanium alloys, superconducting cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Lub rauv hom muaj xws li dej-txias tooj liab crystallizer rauv, hollow cathode rauv, plasma furnace nrog induction cua sov, thiab plasma rauv nrog refractory lining.